"Climate Change Leads to Decline in Lichen Biocrusts"
"As summer temperatures continue to rise, important biocrust-forming organisms in the American Southwest may be lost."
"Biological soil crusts, or biocrusts, are communities of living organisms at the soil surface and are known as the “living skin” of dryland ecosystems. They cement soil grains together, thereby protecting dryland soils from erosion. Biocrusts also add critical nutrients to the soil by converting nitrogen in the atmosphere to ammonia, which serves as a kind of fertilizer for plants and microbes.












